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What is Composting?
Micro-organisms in the waste break down biodegradable material to produce compost. These micro-organisms also destroy pathogens which might be dangerous to animals, humans and plants during a process which lasts between 4 and 6 months.
The Composting Process
Windrow composting
Biodegradable material is constructed into elongated piles called windrows. The windrows are monitored throughout the composting process to ensure that the optimum temperature, oxygen concentration and moisture content are maintained. The windrows are turned periodically, to introduce fresh air, and watered to maintain the ideal conditions for composting.
In-vessel composting
In-vessel composting is similar to the open-air windrow composting, but is carried out in an enclosed vessel. This allows a greater degree of control of the process temperature, oxygen and moisture.
New biological treatment processes
Other technologies using worms or specialised bacteria to convert waste into other useful materials are also being examined. Vermicomposting relies on the actions of earthworms to break down organic materials producing compost. Anaerobic digestion uses anaerobic bacteria to convert organic material into natural gas which can be used as an energy source.
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